Tutorials Design Patterns in C#

Observer Pattern — Complete Guide

Observer Pattern — Complete Guide: free step-by-step lesson with examples, common mistakes, and interview tips — part of Design Patterns in C# on Toolliyo Academy.

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Design Patterns in C# · Lesson 19 of 69

Observer Pattern

GoF Core ✓EnterpriseCloud & Craft

Enterprise · 2 — App patterns · ~6 min · Module 3: Behavioral Design Patterns

What is this?

Observer notifies dependents when state changes — pub/sub in-process via events or interfaces.

Why should you care?

ShopNest inventory changes should refresh cache listeners and search indexers without hard references everywhere.

See it live — copy this example

Paste into a C# console or class library project and run dotnet run.

public sealed class StockSubject
{
    public event Action<string, int>? Changed;
    public void SetQty(string sku, int qty) => Changed?.Invoke(sku, qty);
}
public sealed class CacheObserver
{
    public void OnChanged(string sku, int qty) => Console.WriteLine($"cache bust {sku}={qty}");
}

var stock = new StockSubject();
var cache = new CacheObserver();
stock.Changed += cache.OnChanged;
stock.SetQty("HD-100", 3);

Run Example »

Edit the code below and click Run to see the result in Toolliyo’s live editor.

Code
Result

What happened?

  • StockSubject raises Changed; CacheObserver reacts.
  • C# event is the idiomatic Observer.
  • Unsubscribe to avoid leaks.

Practice next

  1. Raise SetQty and see cache log.
  2. Add SearchObserver.
  3. Unsubscribe with -= .
  4. Filter only HD-* skus in observer.
  5. Use EventHandler args record.

Remember

Publish state changes. Observers react. Watch lifetimes.

ShopNest stock listeners

Qty change notifies cache + search.

Outcome: PDP stops showing stale “in stock” quickly.

Interview prep for this lesson

Practice these questions aloud after reading—each links to a full structured answer.

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Design Patterns in C#
Course syllabus

Design Patterns in C# Tutorial

Module 1: Creational Design Patterns
Module 2: Structural Design Patterns
Module 3: Behavioral Design Patterns
Module 4: Enterprise Design Patterns
Module 5: Modern Enterprise Patterns
Module 6: Microservices & Cloud Patterns
Module 7: ASP.NET Core Architecture Patterns
Module 8: Interview & System Design
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