Lesson 23/100

Tutorials JavaScript Tutorial

Prototypes — Complete Guide

Prototypes — Complete Guide: free step-by-step lesson with examples, common mistakes, and interview tips — part of JavaScript Tutorial on Toolliyo Academy.

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JavaScript Tutorial · Lesson 23 of 100

Prototypes

Basics ✓Objects & dataAsync & DOMAdvancedToolsProjects

Intermediate · 2 — Built-in types & objects · ~6 min · JS Objects & Collections

What is this?

Every JavaScript object has a hidden link to another object called its prototype. If a property is missing on the object, JavaScript looks up the prototype chain.

Why should you care?

Prototypes are how inheritance worked before class syntax — and classes still use prototypes under the hood.

See it live — copy this example

Paste into an HTML file or the browser console (F12). Use Run below when the live editor is available.

const animal = { eats: true };
const rabbit = Object.create(animal);
rabbit.jumps = true;
console.log(rabbit.eats);

Run Example »

Edit the code below and click Run to see the result in Toolliyo’s live editor.

Code
Result

What happened?

  • rabbit has no eats property of its own, so JavaScript finds eats on animal via the prototype link.

Practice next

  1. Run rabbit.eats example.
  2. Log rabbit.hasOwnProperty("eats") vs "jumps".
  3. Inspect Object.getPrototypeOf(rabbit).
  4. Add a method on animal that rabbit inherits without redefining.
  5. Create a second object from the same prototype and show shared methods.

Remember

Objects inherit via prototypes Lookup walks the chain Classes are syntactic sugar over prototypes

ScriptVerse plugin system

Shared behavior lives on a prototype while each plugin instance adds its own config object.

Outcome: Prototype inheritance keeps memory low when thousands of similar UI cells share methods.

Interview prep for this lesson

Practice these questions aloud after reading—each links to a full structured answer.

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JavaScript Tutorial
Course syllabus

JavaScript Tutorial

Tutorial — Basics
Control Flow & Functions
Objects & Collections
Strings, Dates & RegEx
Async JavaScript
HTML DOM & Web APIs
Advanced
Performance & Security
Testing & Tooling
Projects
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