What is the difference between Scrum and other Agile methodologies like Kanban or XP?

Aspect Scrum Kanban Extreme Programming

(XP)

Framework

Type

Prescriptive, timeboxed

(Sprints)

Flow-based,

continuous delivery

Engineering-focused

Agile methodology

Roles PO, Scrum Master, Dev

Team

No defined roles Coach, Developer,

Customer (on-site)

Work

Planning

Sprint Backlog (2–4

weeks)

Continuous pull

from board

Iterations, similar to

Sprints

Change

Policy

No changes during a

Sprint

Changes allowed

anytime

Change-resistant within

iteration

Focus Delivery + team

process

Visualizing flow and

limiting WIP

Code quality and

engineering discipline

Practices Daily Scrum, Sprint

Planning, Review,

Retro

Visual board, WIP

limits, Cycle Time

Pair programming, TDD,

CI/CD, Refactoring

Example:

A support team may prefer Kanban for flexibility, while a product dev team building new

features might favor Scrum or XP for structure and code quality practices.