What is normalization in databases?

Short answer: Why is it important? Normalization is the process of organizing the data in a database to reduce redundancy and dependency by dividing large tables into smaller ones and linking them with relationships. Importance: Reduces Data Redundancy: Ensures data is only stored once. Improves Data Integrity: Ensures consistency and correctness of data. Simplifies Updates: Easier to maintain and modify data without affecting…

Real-world example (ShopNest)

Product and Category are separate tables (normalized). The order line stores product id + price snapshot—not a giant duplicated product blob.

Say this in the interview

1. Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above).
2. Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work.
3. Trade-off — when you would not use it.