Half-Open State: After some time, the circuit breaker enters a half-open state to test?

if the service has recovered. If it succeeds, it closes the circuit again; otherwise, it

remains open.

Tools:

• Hystrix (now deprecated but still widely used) and Resilience4j are popular Java

libraries that implement the Circuit Breaker pattern.

• Istio and Envoy in service mesh environments can also be used for circuit breaking.

Example:

• If a Payment Service is down, instead of retrying failed payment requests, the circuit

breaker opens, preventing overloading the service and allowing the system to fail

gracefully.