How would you manage rate limiting, authentication, and authorization using an API Gateway?

Rate Limiting:

• Use the API Gateway to limit the number of requests a client can make in a given

period to prevent abuse and overload. This can be done using libraries or built-in

functionality in the gateway (e.g., NGINX, Kong).

• Example: Limit each client to 100 requests per minute.

Authentication:

• The API Gateway can integrate with external identity providers (e.g., OAuth 2.0,

JWT) to authenticate requests. It verifies the client's identity before forwarding

requests to the microservices.

• Example: If a request includes a valid JWT token, the gateway passes it

along; otherwise, it responds with an authentication error.

Authorization:

• The API Gateway can handle Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) by verifying

user roles from the authentication token (JWT) and enforcing access restrictions

based on the user's privileges.

• Example: Only admins can access /admin endpoints, while regular users

can access /user endpoints.