What is the difference between call(), apply(), and bind()?

Metho

Purpose Arguments Invokes

Immediately?

call(

Call a function with a specific this Comma-separat

✅ Yes

apply

Same as call(), but takes array Array ✅ Yes

bind(

Returns a new function with fixed

this

Comma-separat

❌ No

Example:

function greet(greeting) {

console.log(`${greeting}, ${this.name}`);

const user = { name: "John" };

greet.call(user, "Hi");

greet.apply(user, ["Hello"]);

const bound = greet.bind(user, "Hey");

bound();