What are primitive vs reference types?

Short answer: Primitive types: stored in stack, immutable (number, string, boolean). Reference types: stored in heap, mutable (object, array, function).

Real-world example (ShopNest)

ShopNest’s browser cart uses modern JavaScript: fetch APIs with async/await, modules, and clear error handling.

Say this in the interview

1. Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above).
2. Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work.
3. Trade-off — when you would not use it.