What is lexical scoping?

Short answer: Lexical scoping means that the scope of a variable is determined by its position in the source code. Inner functions have access to variables declared in their outer scope.

Example code

function outer() { let name = "Sandeep"; function inner() { console.log(name); // accesses outer variable } inner(); } outer(); // Sandeep

Real-world example (ShopNest)

ShopNest’s browser cart uses modern JavaScript: fetch APIs with async/await, modules, and clear error handling.

Say this in the interview

1. Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above).
2. Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work.
3. Trade-off — when you would not use it.