What is event bubbling and capturing?

Short answer: When an event occurs in a nested element: Bubbling: Event moves upward (child → parent). Capturing: Event moves downward (parent → child).

Example code

element.addEventListener('click', handler, true); // capturing element.addEventListener('click', handler, false); // bubbling

Real-world example (ShopNest)

ShopNest’s browser cart uses modern JavaScript: fetch APIs with async/await, modules, and clear error handling.

Say this in the interview

1. Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above).
2. Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work.
3. Trade-off — when you would not use it.