How does React.memo improve performance?

Short answer: React.memo is a higher-order component that memoizes functional components. It only re-renders the component if its props have changed. Before: Every re-render, even if props haven’t changed. After: Prevents unnecessary re-renders when props remain the same. const MyComponent = React.memo(function MyComponent({ name }) { return <div>{name}</div>; }); // MyComponent will only re-render if the `name` prop changes

Real-world example (ShopNest)

Heavy product grids memoize row components so typing in the search box does not re-render every image card unnecessarily.

Say this in the interview

1. Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above).
2. Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work.
3. Trade-off — when you would not use it.