How does garbage collection work in Node.js?

Node.js uses the V8 JavaScript engine’s garbage collector, which:

• Automatically frees memory that's no longer referenced.
• Uses a generational GC: young generation (short-lived objects) and old generation

(long-lived objects).

• Runs periodically to clean up unused objects.
• Developers usually don’t control it directly, but can monitor memory and tune via flags

if needed.