How to handle migrations in production / CI/CD pipelines?

Short answer: Generate SQL script from tested migrations. Manually review and apply via DBA or DevOps tools. Use EF Core tools in CI/CD (e.g., GitHub Actions, Azure DevOps): dotnet ef database update --no-build ● Always backup the database before applying migrations in production.

Say this in the interview

1. Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above).
2. Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work.
3. Trade-off — when you would not use it.