How do you educate junior developers about design patterns and SOLID?

Short answer: I use a combination of: Simple examples showing before/after code refactoring.

Explain a bit more

Pair programming sessions to explain thought processes. Encouraging reading and discussing classic books like “Clean Code” and “Design Patterns”. Practical coding exercises and code reviews focused on SOLID principles. Showing real project scenarios where principles improved code quality and maintainability. Promoting a culture of continuous learning and curiosity. Bonus / Miscellaneous

Say this in the interview

1. Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above).
2. Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work.
3. Trade-off — when you would not use it.