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What is an abstract class?

Q: What is an abstract class?

Short answer: An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated directly. Can contain abstract methods (without implementation) and concrete methods (with implementation). Used to define a common base for other classes. Real-world example (ShopNest) Checkout calls IPaymentGateway.Charge() . Razorpay and Stripe adapters implement the same interface, so ShopNest can switch gateways without rewriting the order service. Say this in the interview Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above). Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work. Trade-off — when you would not use it.

Short answer: An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated directly. Can contain abstract methods (without implementation) and concrete methods (with implementation). Used to define a common base for other classes.

Real-world example (ShopNest)

Checkout calls IPaymentGateway.Charge(). Razorpay and Stripe adapters implement the same interface, so ShopNest can switch gateways without rewriting the order service.

Say this in the interview

Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above).
Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work.
Trade-off — when you would not use it.

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