What is the role of private and public access modifiers in encapsulation?

Short answer: Private → Hides data from outside access, ensuring security. Public → Provides controlled access through properties or methods. Example: private decimal balance; // hidden

Example code

public decimal Balance { get { return balance; } } // read-only access

Real-world example (ShopNest)

ShopNest’s Order keeps _items private and exposes AddItem() so totals stay correct—callers cannot put a negative quantity directly into the list.

Say this in the interview

1. Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above).
2. Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work.
3. Trade-off — when you would not use it.