How does encapsulation help in security?

Short answer: By making fields private, external code cannot directly modify sensitive data. Access is controlled via methods or properties, enforcing validation rules. Example: Prevent withdrawing more than the account balance: public void Withdraw(decimal amount)

Example code

{
if (amount <= balance) balance -= amount; else throw new InvalidOperationException("Insufficient balance"); }

Real-world example (ShopNest)

ShopNest’s Order keeps _items private and exposes AddItem() so totals stay correct—callers cannot put a negative quantity directly into the list.

Say this in the interview

1. Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above).
2. Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work.
3. Trade-off — when you would not use it.