Rate limiting / throttling strategies?

Short answer: Protect APIs from abuse using rate limits (requests per second/minute). Use libraries like AspNetCoreRateLimit or API Gateway features. Implement IP-based or user-based throttling.

Real-world example (ShopNest)

A ShopNest checkout request flows through middleware, hits a minimal API or controller, uses scoped services, and returns ProblemDetails on errors.

Say this in the interview

1. Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above).
2. Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work.
3. Trade-off — when you would not use it.