What are the common testing tools used in Angular applications?

Short answer: Jasmine: Testing framework for specs & assertions. Karma: Test runner to execute tests in browsers. Protractor (deprecated, but still used): E2E testing framework. Jest: Popular alternative to Jasmine for unit testing. ng-mocks: Helps mock Angular components, directives, pipes, and modules.

Real-world example (ShopNest)

ShopNest admin can be built in Angular with modules/components, services for API calls, and reactive forms for product edit.

Say this in the interview

1. Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above).
2. Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work.
3. Trade-off — when you would not use it.